A chronic condition affecting how your body processes blood sugar (glucose). One of the fastest-growing diseases in Kenya — over 800,000 Kenyans are affected.

High blood pressure — the "silent killer." Affects 1 in 4 Kenyan adults. Most people have no symptoms until damage has already occurred to the heart, kidneys, or brain.

Kenya's most common infectious disease, caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. Preventable and treatable with prompt care.

Kenya has ~1.4 million people living with HIV. Modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) means HIV-positive Kenyans can live long, healthy lives. Free testing available at TFMC.

TB is caused by bacteria spread through the air. Kenya is among the 30 high-burden TB countries globally. Treatment is free in Kenya and TFMC is a TB testing and referral centre.

A very common condition in Kenya, especially in women and children. Caused by iron deficiency, malaria, hookworm, or sickle cell disease. Easily detected with a simple blood test.

Caused by contaminated food and water. Common in Nairobi's densely populated areas. Prevention is key — boil drinking water and practise good hand hygiene.

Affects millions of Kenyans — rising due to urban pollution, dust, and allergens. With proper management, people with asthma can live fully active lives.

WHO recommends at least 8 ANC visits during pregnancy. TFMC offers a full ANC programme including blood tests, ultrasound referral, iron supplementation, and birth planning.

The leading cause of death in Kenyan children under 5. Bacterial pneumonia responds well to antibiotics when caught early. Seek care immediately if breathing is fast or difficult.

The second leading killer of children under 5 in Kenya. Dehydration is the main danger. ORS (oral rehydration salts) is life-saving and available free at TFMC.

Urban Kenya is seeing a rapid rise in obesity — a major driver of diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease. BMI screening and nutrition counselling available at TFMC.

Often discovered late. Screen regularly at TFMC.

Leading cause of adult death in Kenya. Largely preventable.

Brain attack. FAST: Face, Arms, Speech, Time. Call 999.

Controllable with medication in 70% of cases.

Very common in Kenyan adults over 50.

Painful uric acid crystals — diet-related.

H. pylori bacteria cause most ulcers in Kenya.

Stomach acid backing up — often mistaken for heart pain.

Rising in Kenya due to obesity and alcohol. Early-stage reversible.

End-stage liver scarring — from alcohol, hepatitis B or C.

5% prevalence in Kenya. Free testing and vaccination at TFMC.

Silent liver infection — now curable with modern treatment.

Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism — both common in Kenya.

Most common hormonal disorder in women of reproductive age.

Affect up to 70% of Kenyan women by age 50.

Uterine tissue growing outside the womb — often missed.

Natural transition — symptoms manageable with support.

Silent bone thinning — affects post-menopausal women most.

Inherited blood disorder — common in western Kenya.

Heart cannot pump enough blood. Early diagnosis saves lives.

Irregular heartbeat — major stroke risk factor.

Chronic lung damage — mainly from smoke. Rising in urban Kenya.

Breathing stops during sleep. Linked to obesity.

Affects 50%+ of Kenyan men over 50.

Most common cancer in Kenyan women. HPV vaccine prevents it.

Early detection saves lives. Self-examination monthly.

Most common cancer in Kenyan men over 50. PSA test at TFMC.

Rising in Kenya — linked to low-fibre diet.

Blood cancer — can occur at any age. Early diagnosis critical.

Cancer of lymphatic system. Common in Kenyan children.

Explosive watery diarrhoea — can kill in hours. Waterborne.

Brain inflammation — bacterial type kills within hours.

Mosquito-borne viral fever — rising in coastal Kenya.

Extremely common in women. Easy to treat with antibiotics.

Syphilis, gonorrhoea, chlamydia — all treatable. Confidential at TFMC.

Hookworm, roundworm, tapeworm — very common in Kenyan children.

Fatal if untreated after animal bite. PEP saves lives.

Preventable with vaccination. Wound-related bacterial infection.

Highly contagious viral rash — common in school children.

Highly contagious — free MR vaccine prevents it.

Viral infection causing swollen salivary glands. MMR prevents.

Severe coughing fits in infants — DPT vaccine prevents it.

Coronavirus respiratory disease. Testing and management at TFMC.

Seasonal viral illness. Annual vaccination for high-risk groups.

Highly contagious skin mite — common in overcrowded settings.

Fungal skin infection — not a worm. Common in children.

Viral rash illness. Report to TFMC or public health if suspected.

Rat-urine bacteria — common after floods in Nairobi.

Dangerous high BP in pregnancy — leading cause of maternal death.

High blood sugar during pregnancy — detected on screening.

1 in 4 pregnancies end in miscarriage. Compassionate care at TFMC.

Fertilised egg outside the womb — life-threatening emergency.

Affects 1 in 5 new mothers. Treatable — not a failure.

Yellow discolouration in newborns — needs prompt assessment.

Stunting, wasting & deficiency — millions of Kenyan children affected.

Mastitis, low supply, latching difficulties — support at TFMC.

Kenya immunisation schedule protects against 13 diseases. All free.

Severe protein deficiency — medical emergency in Kenyan children.

Affects 1 in 5 Kenyans. A medical condition — not weakness. Treatable.

Most common mental disorder — generalised anxiety, panic attacks, phobias.

Post-traumatic stress after accidents, violence, or loss. Help available.

Episodes of mania and depression. Medication helps most patients.

Chronic brain disorder — managed with antipsychotics. Referral at TFMC.

Alcohol dependence — widespread in Kenya. Help available without judgement.

Declining cognitive function — Alzheimer is most common type.

Neurodevelopmental condition — early intervention improves outcomes greatly.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder — affects children and adults.

Leading cause of blindness in Kenya. Surgery restores sight.

Raised eye pressure damaging optic nerve — silent until advanced.

Bacterial eye infection — leading cause of blindness in northern Kenya.

Diabetes damaging retinal vessels — preventable with glucose control.

Highly contagious eye infection — common in schools.

Myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism — corrected with glasses.

Chronic inflammatory skin condition — very common in Kenyan children.

Autoimmune skin condition causing scaly plaques.

Extremely common in teenagers and young adults. Treatable at TFMC.

Thermal, chemical, or electrical burns — first aid is critical.

Infected wounds, abscesses, and diabetic foot ulcers — TFMC wound clinic.

Candida, tinea, onychomycosis — common in Kenya warm climate.

Most common disease globally. Sugar plus bacteria destroy enamel.

Bacterial infection of gums leading to tooth loss.

Pus-filled infection at tooth root — urgent care needed.

Risk factors: tobacco, alcohol, HPV. Early detection is crucial.

Smoking causes cancer, heart disease, and COPD. Quit support at TFMC.

Sedentary lifestyle — major driver of diabetes, heart disease and cancer.

Chronic stress damages heart, immunity and mental health.

Sleep deprivation causes accidents, mental illness and heart disease.

Most common cause of work absence in Kenya.

Contaminated food — usually resolves with ORS and rest.

Core temperature above 40 degrees — brain damage in minutes.

Inflamed appendix — surgical emergency. Seek care now.

Organ pushing through muscle wall — inguinal and umbilical most common.

Swollen rectal veins — very common especially after pregnancy.

Cholesterol stones in gallbladder — common in women and obese patients.

Broken bones — immobilise, pain relief, X-ray immediately.

Road traffic accidents — leading cause. Loss of consciousness is an emergency.

Common in rural Kenya. Immobilise the limb. Do not suck the venom. Go to hospital.

Household chemicals, medications, pesticides. Call for help immediately.

Food, drug, insect, or environmental allergies — mild to anaphylaxis.

Inflamed sinuses — often after a cold. Antibiotics only if bacterial.

Inflamed tonsils — common in children. Strep type needs antibiotics.

Very common in children under 5. Most resolve without antibiotics.

Noise-induced, age-related, infection, or congenital. Assessment at TFMC.

BPPV is most common — brief intense spinning with head movement.

Twisted enlarged veins — common in Kenyans who stand long hours.

Nerve damage — common with diabetes, HIV, and vitamin B12 deficiency.

Affects 50% of men over 40. Often linked to diabetes or hypertension.

Affects 1 in 6 Kenyan couples. Causes in both partners. Investigation at TFMC.